Established judicial review — the power of federal courts to declare laws unconstitutional. 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803).
Required law enforcement to advise suspects of their rights before custodial interrogation. 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
Declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause. 347 U.S. 483 (1954).
Established implied powers of Congress under the Necessary and Proper Clause. 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 316 (1819).
Broadly interpreted the Commerce Clause to give Congress power over interstate commerce. 22 U.S. (9 Wheat.) 1 (1824).
Right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses. 576 U.S. 644 (2015).
The power of courts to examine laws and executive actions and determine whether they violate the Constitution.
Constitutional guarantee that the government cannot deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without fair legal procedures.
The 14th Amendment guarantee that no state shall deny any person the equal protection of the laws.
The doctrine that courts should follow prior judicial decisions on similar legal issues to ensure consistency.
The highest standard of judicial review, requiring a compelling state interest and narrow tailoring.
The procedural safeguards required before custodial interrogation: right to silence, right to counsel.